Here we demonstrate high-fidelity laser-free universal control of two trapped-ion qubits by creating both symmetric and antisymmetric maximally entangled states with fidelities of \(\), respectively (68 per cent confidence level), corrected for initialization error. Laser-free entangling methods 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 may offer improved scalability by harnessing microwave technology developed for wireless communications, but so far their performance has lagged the best reported laser-based approaches. Universal control of trapped ion qubits has been separately demonstrated using tightly focused laser beams 9, 10, 11, 12 or by moving ions with respect to laser beams 13, 14, 15, but at lower fidelities.
Qubits realized in trapped atomic ions have shown the highest-fidelity two-qubit entangling operations 5, 6, 7 and single-qubit rotations 8 so far. Universal control of multiple qubits-the ability to entangle qubits and to perform arbitrary individual qubit operations 1-is a fundamental resource for quantum computing 2, simulation 3 and networking 4.
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